When collecting water samples for analysis by an environmental laboratory, following proper sample collection and handling techniques is essential in ensuring quality analysis. Employing the highest level of standards into your everyday operations is important to ensure your laboratory can provide you with accurate and reliable data. 

Here is how you can maintain the highest caliber of water testing:

1. 1. 1. Preparation is Key

The first step of successful sampling is to identify analyses to perform, sampling locations, and sample matrices (drinking water, ground water, surface water, etc.). Having this information will allow you to work with your laboratory to ensure you use the correct containers, preservatives, and quality control procedures during your sample collection. The laboratory may provide the necessary sampling materials. It is important to be aware of hold times and temperature requirements prior to sample collection to ensure samples are delivered to the laboratory adhering to proper compliance procedures.

2. Using Correct Containers in the Field 

Containers and preservatives used to collect samples are specific to the sample matrix and testing requirements. Containers vary in material, size, and color. In the field, ensure the correct container is being used to collect each sample. To help with this process, label each sample bottle with identifying information and document necessary information on the Chain of Custody Form. 

3. Sample Collection Technique

It is important to use caution to avoid contamination and fill bottles with the correct amount of sample. Different types of analyses have different sampling requirements. Your laboratory may provide you with instructions, but here are some general guidelines:

• When sampling outside, protect collection bottles from wind, rain, snow, and other elements that can introduce contamination. 
• When sampling from faucets, it is not always as simple as turning on the tap. Follow instructions for your specific analysis to avoid contamination from filters, aerators, and pipes.
• Fill the container as directed with the correct amount of sample. To avoid removing necessary preservatives from the bottle, do not rinse bottles before sampling or overfill while sampling. Underfilling may lead to your sample being invalid and unable to be analyzed by the laboratory.

4. Know Your Hold Times

Once you have collected the sample, the hold time begins. The hold time is the time allowed from sample collection until analysis. Know the hold time ahead of time to ensure your sample is received by the laboratory before it expires. Some analyses can be performed past the hold time, and this does not negate the accurate of results. However, the data may be unable to be used for regulatory compliance. 

While some people think that reaching out to a lab is one of the last steps needed in the sampling process, working with your laboratory prior to sample collection can significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of your water testing efforts. Whether you are a professional in the field or a concerned citizen, understanding and applying these principles will help ensure that our water remains safe and clean for generations to come.

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